Soilless farming is a methodological approach to plant cultivation that omits the use of natural soil, instead employing alternative inert substrates or direct nutrient solutions to support plant growth. As an academic concept and research field, it investigates the principles and applications of supplying essential nutrients directly to plant roots, often within controlled environments or artificial media. Research in this domain focuses on optimizing nutrient solution formulations, developing efficient delivery systems (e.g., hydroponics, aeroponics, aquaponics), understanding plant physiological responses in non-soil conditions, and engineering system designs for resource efficiency (water, nutrients, space). Key characteristics include precision control over nutrient delivery and often environmental parameters, utilizing inert media or no media. Its significance lies in enabling agriculture in diverse locations, enhancing resource efficiency, minimizing pest and disease issues associated with soil, and supporting sustainable food production strategies like urban and vertical farming.